WEBVTT Kind: captions; Language: en 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:31.000 [...] the Have it more abundantly. 00:00:32.001 --> 00:00:35.001 This is the everlasting promise of nature. 00:00:37.000 --> 00:00:40.000 The good things of the earth have been placed within our reach. 00:00:41.000 --> 00:00:45.000 But man has never been relieved of the responsibility of earning them. 00:00:46.001 --> 00:00:51.000 He has had to gain wisdom and understanding to adapt this 00:00:51.000 --> 00:00:53.000 incredible goodness to his needs. 00:00:58.000 --> 00:01:04.001 And so through the years, man has watched and studied the great natural forces 00:01:04.001 --> 00:01:06.000 that were meant to serve him. 00:01:28.001 --> 00:01:35.000 Electricity was once a frightening thing, but not anymore. 00:01:36.001 --> 00:01:41.000 We have learned how to channel its power into telephones, radios, 00:01:41.001 --> 00:01:43.001 refrigerators, electric lights. 00:01:46.001 --> 00:01:50.001 It is one of the prime movers of the age in which we live. 00:01:52.001 --> 00:01:59.001 The wind was a wild, untamed 00:01:59.001 --> 00:02:06.001 thing, comrade of space and the stars, until man learned how to 00:02:06.001 --> 00:02:09.000 make it work for him. 00:02:14.001 --> 00:02:21.001 Water anywhere is potential power, but 00:02:21.001 --> 00:02:23.001 uncontrolled it is also unpredictable. 00:02:26.000 --> 00:02:28.001 So man built dams. 00:02:30.000 --> 00:02:34.001 And behold, this pent-up power becomes a tremendous agency for good. 00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:46.000 Here is desolation, good land 00:02:46.000 --> 00:02:49.000 once until man let the topsoil wash away. 00:02:50.001 --> 00:02:57.000 But topsoil is the very source of life, and man is learning to conserve it so 00:02:57.000 --> 00:03:01.001 that nature may give more abundantly of all the growing things of field and hill. 00:03:04.000 --> 00:03:10.000 In his endless struggle to avert starvation, man has been striving for a better 00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:12.000 understanding of nature's laws. 00:03:13.001 --> 00:03:17.001 The gains he has made are witnessed in our bounteous crops. 00:03:18.000 --> 00:03:23.001 Even so, and quite as the Bible warns us, there is a time for sowing 00:03:23.001 --> 00:03:25.000 and a time for reaping. 00:03:26.000 --> 00:03:29.000 But the time for reaping is so very short. 00:03:31.001 --> 00:03:38.001 That perhaps is why man has always made so much of harvest, made it a time 00:03:38.001 --> 00:03:40.000 of festival or prayer. 00:03:40.000 --> 00:03:44.001 For he knows his life depends on swiftly gathering in the bounty 00:03:44.001 --> 00:03:46.001 nature gives him. 00:03:48.001 --> 00:04:00.001 Thus in America, we have always offered thanks for the blessings of the earth. 00:04:11.001 --> 00:04:16.000 Which reminds us how the harvest tidied our forefathers 00:04:16.000 --> 00:04:18.000 through lean and hungry winters. 00:04:19.001 --> 00:04:26.000 By the same token, spring has ever been a time of rejoicing, 00:04:26.001 --> 00:04:32.001 of joy in the promise of still another harvest when field and tree again bring 00:04:32.001 --> 00:04:38.000 forth a profusion of delicious gifts that beckon us to come and gather in. 00:04:39.001 --> 00:04:45.000 But nature has a way of holding out her bounty, then snatching it away. 00:04:46.000 --> 00:04:48.000 All too quickly it has gone. 00:04:49.000 --> 00:04:54.001 True, it serves to reenrich the soil, but as for man's immediate 00:04:54.001 --> 00:04:57.000 needs, a total loss. 00:04:59.000 --> 00:05:04.000 Of course, all growing things are contained within a protective covering, but it 00:05:04.000 --> 00:05:10.000 occurred to man that if he could provide a permanent protective covering for the 00:05:10.000 --> 00:05:16.000 bounty of nature, he could then readily extend the harvest season until every day 00:05:16.000 --> 00:05:18.001 in the year became a day of plenty. 00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:22.001 A simple idea, but one of great promise. 00:05:24.000 --> 00:05:27.001 Today, its perfection is a man-made miracle. 00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:33.001 We refer to it, and rightly so, as the miracle of the can. 00:05:34.001 --> 00:05:41.000 But we've been talking about man as if women didn't exist, which is most unfair. 00:05:42.000 --> 00:05:47.000 Let's go back to a hot summer's day around the year 1900, when in households 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:49.001 across the land, this was happening. 00:05:50.001 --> 00:05:54.000 You know, Lucy, if we can get all these tomatoes put up today, 00:05:54.000 --> 00:05:55.001 we can start on the corn tomorrow. 00:05:56.000 --> 00:05:57.000 Oh, that'll be good. 00:05:58.001 --> 00:06:01.001 Heavens of God, Jim, the last thing we need right now is more tomatoes. 00:06:02.000 --> 00:06:04.000 We got twice what we can put up now. 00:06:05.001 --> 00:06:08.001 I mean it, Jim. Take them back outside and don't bring any more. 00:06:08.001 --> 00:06:12.001 Now, don't take off on me, Martha. It's not my fault we had so many this year. 00:06:13.000 --> 00:06:15.001 Fact is, I figured you'd be glad we got such a good crop. 00:06:16.000 --> 00:06:19.001 Of course I'm glad, but I haven't got time to put up any more. 00:06:20.000 --> 00:06:22.001 All right, all right. What'll I do with these? 00:06:22.001 --> 00:06:24.000 Feed them to the pigs. 00:06:30.000 --> 00:06:32.000 Huh. Feed them to the pigs. 00:06:34.001 --> 00:06:36.000 What a waste of good tomatoes. 00:06:37.000 --> 00:06:42.000 Yes, waste was the word, and no way to beat it. 00:06:43.000 --> 00:06:46.001 But along about that time, things were happening that would change all that. 00:06:49.001 --> 00:06:52.001 You know, John, I hear they're putting up 00:06:52.001 --> 00:06:54.000 fruits and vegetables, better and worse than they do. 00:06:54.000 --> 00:06:56.000 Well, we can now, over near Fairport. 00:06:56.001 --> 00:06:57.001 Who is they? 00:06:58.000 --> 00:07:02.000 The canneries. And what with the sugar and all the other seasoning and the 00:07:02.000 --> 00:07:04.001 cooking and whatnot, it costs less, too. 00:07:05.000 --> 00:07:08.001 Well, if that's true, why do you slave over a hot stove when you 00:07:08.001 --> 00:07:10.000 can get them right down at the store? 00:07:11.001 --> 00:07:15.000 For that matter, why do I waste my time with these trees 00:07:15.000 --> 00:07:17.001 and bust my back over the plow? 00:07:19.000 --> 00:07:23.000 Hey, Kelly, next season I'll put in smaller crops. 00:07:23.001 --> 00:07:25.000 No, bigger crops. 00:07:26.000 --> 00:07:28.000 Bigger? Now, how in the world do you figure that? 00:07:28.001 --> 00:07:32.001 Well, it's our chance to save some money, where we can sell off fruit to the 00:07:32.001 --> 00:07:36.000 canneries and plant more and more things to sell them right through the seasons. 00:07:36.001 --> 00:07:39.000 And then if the crops come in good, we can put by enough 00:07:39.000 --> 00:07:40.001 money to send the boy to college. 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:44.000 So he can be a better farmer than me and grow more crops? 00:07:44.001 --> 00:07:47.000 Sure, to sell to the canneries. 00:07:49.000 --> 00:07:52.000 You know, Mary, that's quite an idea you've got there. 00:07:55.000 --> 00:07:58.001 That it was, and it caught on. 00:08:00.000 --> 00:08:05.001 Farmers began to plant more and more acres, improved their yield, 00:08:07.000 --> 00:08:12.000 lifted their farm incomes to higher levels, adding purchasing power that 00:08:12.000 --> 00:08:17.001 gladdened the hearts of entire families, and a new agricultural era was in the 00:08:17.001 --> 00:08:21.001 making, all through the growing demand for canned foods. 00:08:23.000 --> 00:08:28.001 But in those days, progress was limited by the old-fashioned hole and cap can. 00:08:30.000 --> 00:08:33.001 Many things, for instance, had to be cut up and forced through 00:08:33.001 --> 00:08:35.000 the hole in the top of the can. 00:08:36.001 --> 00:08:39.000 Filling cans was therefore a slow process. 00:08:40.001 --> 00:08:47.000 After filling, a cap had to be soldered over the hole by hand, and that required 00:08:47.000 --> 00:08:52.000 a lot of work to say nothing of an equally important element, time. 00:08:52.001 --> 00:08:53.000 The result? 00:08:54.000 --> 00:08:57.001 They just couldn't turn out canned foods fast enough to 00:08:57.001 --> 00:08:59.000 keep up with the growing demand. 00:09:03.000 --> 00:09:15.001 Careful. 00:09:22.000 --> 00:09:23.000 What else, Mrs. Moran? 00:09:24.001 --> 00:09:27.000 Well, I need some peas, three cans of peas. 00:09:27.001 --> 00:09:28.000 There's your candy. 00:09:30.001 --> 00:09:32.001 That's the last of the peas, Mrs. Moran. 00:09:34.001 --> 00:09:36.001 Can't seem to stock up enough for you folks. 00:09:37.000 --> 00:09:38.000 Why don't you order more? 00:09:39.001 --> 00:09:43.001 Ma'am, I could order till the cows come home, but if the cannery don't have 00:09:43.001 --> 00:09:45.000 them, they can't send them. 00:09:46.000 --> 00:09:49.001 And if they don't send them, I can't sell them. 00:09:51.000 --> 00:09:53.000 Comes to three dollars and eighteen cents. 00:09:54.000 --> 00:09:54.001 Three eighteen. 00:09:55.001 --> 00:09:55.001 Mm-hmm. 00:09:55.001 --> 00:09:56.000 [...] 00:09:57.000 --> 00:09:58.001 When a price is coming down. 00:10:00.000 --> 00:10:03.001 About these peas, Mr. Peters, why can't the cannery send you enough? 00:10:05.000 --> 00:10:08.000 Well, ma'am, it isn't only the cannery. 00:10:09.000 --> 00:10:11.001 I was over there the other day pestering them for more. 00:10:12.001 --> 00:10:14.001 My customers are asking for them, says I. 00:10:15.001 --> 00:10:17.000 And give them to you, says he. 00:10:17.001 --> 00:10:19.000 Why not, says I? 00:10:20.000 --> 00:10:21.001 Don't ask me, says he. 00:10:22.000 --> 00:10:22.001 Ask the can maker. 00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:28.001 So I took the buggy and drove over to the can maker, and I did ask him. 00:10:33.000 --> 00:10:40.000 I know you folks. 00:10:40.001 --> 00:10:41.000 You can't be told. 00:10:41.001 --> 00:10:43.000 You've got to be shown. 00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:45.001 So let's take a look around. 00:10:47.001 --> 00:10:51.000 Now here's where we cut the body blanks. 00:10:54.001 --> 00:11:00.000 This man here is forming the can body. 00:11:04.001 --> 00:11:10.000 Here he's soldering the side seams. 00:11:15.001 --> 00:11:17.000 Pretty slow work. 00:11:22.000 --> 00:11:27.000 Over here, they're soldering on the tops and the bottoms. 00:11:28.000 --> 00:11:28.001 They're frying. 00:11:30.000 --> 00:11:33.000 Our friend here is hollering for more can goods. 00:11:33.001 --> 00:11:35.001 How many cans do you think we'll turn out today? 00:11:36.001 --> 00:11:39.000 We can figure on maybe six hundred. 00:11:39.001 --> 00:11:40.001 There you are. 00:11:41.001 --> 00:11:43.001 I've got three men soldering here. 00:11:44.000 --> 00:11:46.001 They can turn out only six hundred cans a day. 00:11:47.000 --> 00:11:49.001 We got calls for a lot more than that. 00:11:50.001 --> 00:11:52.000 Why don't you hire more men? 00:11:53.000 --> 00:11:55.001 You find them and I'll hire them. 00:11:56.000 --> 00:11:57.001 Solderers don't grow on trees. 00:11:58.001 --> 00:11:59.001 But by golly fruit does. 00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:01.001 The crops are coming in right now. 00:12:02.001 --> 00:12:04.000 Canneries are crying for cans. 00:12:05.000 --> 00:12:06.001 And you think you've got problems? 00:12:10.001 --> 00:12:16.000 Now mind you ma'am, our local can makers is as good as any of them. 00:12:16.001 --> 00:12:19.001 But it's just that can making is a slow process. 00:12:20.001 --> 00:12:23.000 Here Jimmy, come over here. I want to show you something, sir. 00:12:25.001 --> 00:12:31.001 Here's a 00:12:31.001 --> 00:12:33.000 lesson you learn in school someday. 00:12:34.001 --> 00:12:36.000 Crop and can geography, you might say. 00:12:38.000 --> 00:12:39.000 Here's us. 00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:41.001 Here's the can making plant. 00:12:42.001 --> 00:12:43.000 Here's the cannery. 00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:45.000 Here's the farmland. 00:12:47.000 --> 00:12:49.000 Farmers are planting more land all the time. 00:12:49.001 --> 00:12:51.000 Putting in more and more crops. 00:12:51.001 --> 00:12:54.000 Because the cannery is here to take care of them. 00:12:55.000 --> 00:12:58.001 Now just imagine this same thing taking place all over. 00:12:59.001 --> 00:13:03.001 Oh, there are lots of canneries and can makers in the growing areas. 00:13:04.001 --> 00:13:07.001 But when harvest time rolls around, the crops come in. 00:13:08.001 --> 00:13:10.001 It's the same story everywhere. 00:13:11.000 --> 00:13:14.000 They're all swamped with orders that they just can't fill. 00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:20.001 Yes, it was apparent that the task of serving a whole nation was too big for the 00:13:20.001 --> 00:13:23.001 can production capacity available in those days. 00:13:25.000 --> 00:13:30.000 The need was clear for a pooling of resources in the interest of better 00:13:30.000 --> 00:13:35.001 experimentation, research, engineering skill, and greater can production. 00:13:36.001 --> 00:13:43.001 So many can makers did combine their facilities and pool their knowledge to form 00:13:43.001 --> 00:13:45.001 the American can company. 00:13:47.000 --> 00:13:53.001 Thus in 1901 was laid the foundation for advancements in can making, destined 00:13:53.001 --> 00:13:57.001 to serve mankind in war as well as peace. 00:13:58.001 --> 00:14:05.000 But despite much early progress in can making, it continued to be a slow process. 00:14:06.000 --> 00:14:08.001 Part of the trouble was the can itself. 00:14:09.000 --> 00:14:12.000 It didn't lend itself to mass production. 00:14:13.001 --> 00:14:17.000 Then came a development that was to have far reaching effect. 00:14:17.001 --> 00:14:20.001 Say, you're right, Harry. This is different. 00:14:22.000 --> 00:14:24.001 Certainly is a new basic idea in can making. 00:14:25.000 --> 00:14:26.001 Let me see that. 00:14:31.001 --> 00:14:33.001 No hole in the top? 00:14:34.001 --> 00:14:35.000 Nope. 00:14:36.000 --> 00:14:40.000 Canners get them with this end entirely open so they can pack whole tomatoes or 00:14:40.000 --> 00:14:43.000 peaches or other fruits and vegetables in this can. 00:14:44.000 --> 00:14:45.000 Don't have to cut things up. 00:14:46.001 --> 00:14:47.001 Consumers will love that. 00:14:48.000 --> 00:14:49.000 How is it sealed? 00:14:49.001 --> 00:14:49.001 Solder? 00:14:50.001 --> 00:14:52.001 No, that's another advantage, Jim. 00:14:52.001 --> 00:14:54.001 No solder on the ends at all. 00:14:55.001 --> 00:14:57.001 No solder? Well, how? 00:14:58.000 --> 00:15:03.000 Well, we've got a machine that crimps the ends on with a rubber composition 00:15:03.000 --> 00:15:04.001 gasket to keep them tight. 00:15:05.001 --> 00:15:10.000 It's slow, but with your help, I think we can figure out a way to speed it up. 00:15:10.001 --> 00:15:14.000 You know, it seems to me that canners should be able to fill and close these 00:15:14.000 --> 00:15:16.001 faster than the old hole in cap can. 00:15:17.000 --> 00:15:18.001 And it'll cut their cost down. 00:15:19.000 --> 00:15:20.000 What's it called, Harry? 00:15:20.001 --> 00:15:22.000 The sanitary can. 00:15:24.000 --> 00:15:25.000 Sanitary can. 00:15:26.000 --> 00:15:27.000 Mm-hmm. 00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:28.001 Good name. 00:15:29.000 --> 00:15:33.000 By golly, if we just work out a way to turn these out in quantity and fast... 00:15:33.000 --> 00:15:34.000 That's just what's needed, fellas. 00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:35.001 Let's get to work. 00:15:38.000 --> 00:15:39.001 And get to work they did. 00:15:40.001 --> 00:15:46.000 Making improvements both in the can and the machinery for its mass production and 00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:47.001 efficient use in canneries. 00:15:47.001 --> 00:15:52.000 And also in plants packing a host of non-food products. 00:15:53.000 --> 00:15:57.001 But while their efforts and those of many others were limited by the engineering 00:15:57.001 --> 00:16:03.000 developments of their day, by the continued necessity for much handwork, they 00:16:03.000 --> 00:16:09.000 were destined to revolutionize not only an industry, but the distribution 00:16:09.000 --> 00:16:14.000 techniques, the shopping habits, the very standard of diet of 00:16:14.000 --> 00:16:15.001 hundreds of millions of people. 00:16:16.001 --> 00:16:21.000 For as combined knowledge and increased experience of these pioneer can makers 00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:25.001 began to catch hold, the tempo in each plant quickened. 00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:32.001 The volume rose 10,000 cans a day, 25,000, 50,000. 00:16:34.001 --> 00:16:40.000 Yes, man finally had created the real answer for preserving the fruits of land 00:16:40.000 --> 00:16:42.000 and sea indefinitely. 00:16:45.001 --> 00:16:50.000 Thus farmers were encouraged to plant more land and sell their 00:16:50.000 --> 00:16:51.001 increased crops to the canners. 00:16:53.000 --> 00:16:58.000 And the swing to more profitable farming lifted property values everywhere. 00:16:59.001 --> 00:17:02.001 The same expansion was going on in the fishing industry 00:17:02.001 --> 00:17:05.001 and the meat packing industry. 00:17:06.000 --> 00:17:09.001 Better breeds, bigger herds, due to the greater capacity of 00:17:09.001 --> 00:17:11.001 packers to can meat products. 00:17:12.001 --> 00:17:18.000 All this because the can making industry had faced and met nature's challenge. 00:17:19.001 --> 00:17:25.000 Here is my limitless bounty for the taking, protect it well. 00:17:26.000 --> 00:17:32.000 So today man controls the use of nature's gifts far beyond the time of harvest. 00:17:34.000 --> 00:17:40.000 At last man has the means for using the natural resources of this great land to 00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.001 the utmost intended by its creator, thanks to the formation and 00:17:44.001 --> 00:17:46.000 growth of a great enterprise. 00:17:47.000 --> 00:17:54.000 Moreover, far more people, earning far more, have a part in this industry today 00:17:54.000 --> 00:17:58.001 than could possibly have found employment under the antique methods of the past. 00:18:01.000 --> 00:18:06.000 Today the can making industry turns out billions of metal cans a year. 00:18:06.001 --> 00:18:12.001 Why one modern can line alone produces over 200,000 cans 00:18:12.001 --> 00:18:14.000 in a single day. 00:18:15.000 --> 00:18:18.000 Remember Frank and his 600 cans a day? 00:18:19.000 --> 00:18:26.000 Well, it would take Frank with his old fashioned machines and more than 60,000 00:18:26.000 --> 00:18:32.001 can makers working with him at least 25 years to produce the billions of cans 00:18:32.001 --> 00:18:35.001 turned out by the industry every year. 00:18:36.000 --> 00:18:43.000 But, as in countless other industries here in our country, each man on a can 00:18:43.000 --> 00:18:47.001 making line today produces far more because of the modern 00:18:47.001 --> 00:18:49.000 equipment he has to work with. 00:18:50.000 --> 00:18:55.001 Naturally, this greater production means higher wages, higher standards of 00:18:55.001 --> 00:18:59.001 living, and even lower food costs for us all. 00:19:00.001 --> 00:19:04.001 Now let's see how this manufacturing miracle is brought to pass. 00:19:06.000 --> 00:19:07.001 It begins here with steel. 00:19:10.000 --> 00:19:14.001 Steel made to exacting specifications determined by the can makers metallurgists, 00:19:15.000 --> 00:19:19.001 men who have pioneered with steel producers to achieve this superior product 00:19:19.001 --> 00:19:21.000 for can making needs. 00:19:22.001 --> 00:19:28.000 These particular sheets of steel are already coated with a very thin layer of tin 00:19:28.000 --> 00:19:30.001 and thus called tin plate. 00:19:32.001 --> 00:19:37.001 In making cans, it is necessary to ensure the absolute protection of their 00:19:37.001 --> 00:19:40.001 contents when the cans are later filled and sealed. 00:19:42.001 --> 00:19:47.001 So the coating being added here is an additional protective enamel lining 00:19:47.001 --> 00:19:49.001 used for certain products. 00:19:52.001 --> 00:19:58.000 In this baking oven, it is dried and hardened. 00:19:58.001 --> 00:20:03.000 When the plate with the coating baked to a golden color emerge from the oven, 00:20:03.001 --> 00:20:08.000 they are ready to be made into cans for foods like corn, lima 00:20:08.000 --> 00:20:10.001 beans, and countless other products. 00:20:12.000 --> 00:20:18.001 Next, the plate is cut into the right shapes and sizes to form can bodies on 00:20:18.001 --> 00:20:20.000 this machine called a slitter. 00:20:24.001 --> 00:20:26.001 These are body blanks. 00:20:29.000 --> 00:20:34.000 Meanwhile, other plate, cut to proper size, is fed into machines 00:20:34.000 --> 00:20:35.001 which stamp out the ends.